{"id":1959,"date":"2025-10-30T14:20:26","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T18:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/publication\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T02:41:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T06:41:17","slug":"minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/en\/publication\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\/","title":{"rendered":"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Santiago Palacio and Steve Adam and Ren\u00e9e Bergeron and Doris Pellerin and Anne Marie De Passill\u00e9 and Jeff Rushen and Derek Haley and Trevor J. DeVries and Elsa Vasseur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Date:<\/strong> 2023-03-01<\/p>\n<p><strong>Journal:<\/strong> Canadian Journal of Animal Science<\/p>\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> Published<\/p>\n<p><strong>DOI:<\/strong> 10.1139\/cjas-2022-0038<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cjas-2022-0038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View External Publication<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Tie-stalls are the most confining method of housing for dairy cows and remain commonly used to house cows in many countries. Finding methods to improve animal welfare through housing modifications and alternative management strategies are of increasing importance. Twelve tie-stall dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec, Canada were visited four times in a 12 month period. Visits were spread to observe the effects of pasture (visit 1), short-term effects of stall modifications (visit 2), effects of winter confinement (visit 3), and final measures after 1 year (visit 4). Lameness, injuries, cow cleanliness, lying and rising behaviors, and production parameters were assessed at each visit. Outdoor access had the largest effect: cows with access to pasture had a lower prevalence of various outcome measures throughout all four visits. Also, cows in modified stalls had a higher prevalence of dirty udders compared to cows in unmodified stalls, but only on farms that provided outdoor access. Although applying minor stall modifications to tie-stalls can help improve aspects of animal welfare, providing year-round outdoor access may represent a more effective method; the continued provision of time outside the stall helps maintain the positive impact of outdoor\/pasture access on the welfare of tie-stall dairy cows.<\/p>","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":""},"class_list":["post-1959","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls - WELL-E<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/en\/publication\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls - WELL-E\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: Santiago Palacio and Steve Adam and Ren\u00e9e Bergeron and Doris Pellerin and Anne Marie De Passill\u00e9 and Jeff Rushen and Derek Haley and Trevor J. DeVries and Elsa Vasseur Date: 2023-03-01 Journal: Canadian Journal of Animal Science Status: Published DOI: 10.1139\/cjas-2022-0038 View External Publication Tie-stalls are the most confining method of housing for dairy [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/en\/publication\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WELL-E\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-16T06:41:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\\\/\",\"name\":\"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls - WELL-E\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-30T18:20:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-16T06:41:17+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/publication\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"WELL-E\",\"description\":\"IA au service du bien-&ecirc;tre animal\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"WELL-E\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/LOGOTYPETAG_Left_RVB_FR-edited-1-e1718738358443.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/LOGOTYPETAG_Left_RVB_FR-edited-1-e1718738358443.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":250,\"caption\":\"WELL-E\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wp.well-e.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/research-and-innovation-chair-in-animal-welfare-and-artificial-intelligence-well-e\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls - WELL-E","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/en\/publication\/minor-stall-modifications-and-outdoor-access-can-help-improve-dairy-cow-welfare-in-tie-stalls\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Minor stall modifications and outdoor access can help improve dairy cow welfare in tie-stalls - WELL-E","og_description":"Authors: Santiago Palacio and Steve Adam and Ren\u00e9e Bergeron and Doris Pellerin and Anne Marie De Passill\u00e9 and Jeff Rushen and Derek Haley and Trevor J. 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