{"id":1974,"date":"2025-10-30T14:20:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T18:20:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/publication\/to-go-or-not-to-go-assessing-anticipation-for-outdoor-access-in-dairy-cows\/"},"modified":"2026-04-29T00:42:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T04:42:10","slug":"to-go-or-not-to-go-assessing-anticipation-for-outdoor-access-in-dairy-cows","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/fr\/publication\/to-go-or-not-to-go-assessing-anticipation-for-outdoor-access-in-dairy-cows\/","title":{"rendered":"To go or not to go? Assessing anticipation for outdoor access in dairy cows"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Authors:<\/strong> M. Cellier and N. Aigueperse and E. Vasseur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Date:<\/strong> 2023-06-01<\/p>\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> Published<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adsa.org\/Portals\/0\/SiteContent\/Docs\/Meetings\/2023ADSA\/Abstracts_BOOK_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View External Publication<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Regular outdoor access may enrich movement-restricted cows\u2019 lives, but how they perceive it is unclear. Measures of cognitive processes, such as anticipation, can provide information on animal emotions. Our study aimed to characterize the anticipatory behaviors of cows living in restricted movement environments when an outing experience is provided as enrichment. In 2 independently analyzed trials, 32 tie-stallhoused lactating cows were blocked by parity and DIM and divided into 2 groups. Control cows (C; n = 8 in winter (W) and summer (S)) remained inside for the duration of the experiment, and outdoor cows (O; n = 8 in W and S) were provided with 5 d\/week of outdoor access for 8 weeks. The outdoor areas combined different durations of outing (1 vs 2 h) and area sizes (20, 40, 60 and 80 m2). Exit cues, such as route preparation and halter placement in front of the outdoor cows, were set 20 min before the cows had outdoor access, and video recordings were taken during this period. The number of behavioral and ear position transitions were recorded and analyzed with 2 mixed models:1) to compare C vs. O cows with treatment, day, and their interaction as fixed effects, and cow nested within block as random effect; and 2) to test the influence of duration, area size, their interaction, and day as fixed effects, and cow nested within block as random effect. For W and S, no significant differences were found for anticipatory behaviors between C and O cows, nor for different durations and area sizes (overall mean \u00b1 SD: behavioral transitions: C: 23.9 \u00b1 22.5, O: 20.9 \u00b1 20.4; ear position transitions: C: 71.3 \u00b1 22.5, O: 79.6 \u00b1 20.4). Investigation of other behaviors before the exit (e.g., exploration, trampling, or lying) and having targeted observation periods (e.g., the first 5 min after setting exit cues) could allow for a more detailed study of the animal\u2019s behavioral expression during anticipation. Combined with other indicators such as motivation, it would provide a basis for assessing emotional states in animals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":""},"class_list":["post-1974","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>To go or not to go? Assessing anticipation for outdoor access in dairy cows - WELL-E<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wp.well-e.org\/fr\/publication\/to-go-or-not-to-go-assessing-anticipation-for-outdoor-access-in-dairy-cows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"To go or not to go? Assessing anticipation for outdoor access in dairy cows - WELL-E\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Authors: M. Cellier and N. Aigueperse and E. Vasseur Date: 2023-06-01 Status: Published View External Publication Regular outdoor access may enrich movement-restricted cows\u2019 lives, but how they perceive it is unclear. Measures of cognitive processes, such as anticipation, can provide information on animal emotions. 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